Examples of Diagnostic Assessments in PALs (Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies)
Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALs) utilize a variety of diagnostic assessments to gauge students' understanding of course material and identify areas needing further attention. These assessments aren't typically formal graded exams, but rather tools for both the peer tutor and the tutee to pinpoint learning gaps and strategize for improvement. The focus is on formative assessment—improving learning during the process—rather than summative assessment focused solely on final grades. Here are some examples:
1. Pre-Tests/Knowledge Checks:
These short quizzes, often multiple-choice or short-answer, are administered before a learning session begins. They help identify which concepts the tutee already understands and which areas require more focused attention during the PAL session. This allows for efficient use of time, concentrating on areas where the tutee needs the most support.
Example: Before a PAL session on solving quadratic equations, a pre-test might include a few sample problems of varying difficulty levels. The results help the tutor and tutee focus on specific problem-solving techniques or algebraic manipulations needing reinforcement.
2. Concept Maps/Diagrams:
These visual representations allow tutees to demonstrate their understanding of relationships between different concepts. Creating a concept map before or during a PAL session helps identify knowledge gaps and misconceptions. Comparing the tutee's concept map with a more complete or accurate one can highlight where adjustments are needed.
Example: In a biology class, the tutee might create a concept map illustrating the relationship between photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and energy flow in an ecosystem. The PAL tutor can then help refine the map based on the tutee's understanding.
3. Think-Pair-Share Activities:
These are short, collaborative exercises where students individually reflect on a question or problem, then discuss their responses with a partner (the PAL tutor). This diagnostic approach identifies individual understanding and exposes any common misconceptions within a small group setting.
Example: After covering a reading passage in history, the tutee might individually answer a question regarding the main theme. Following this, they discuss their interpretation with their peer tutor, allowing both to clarify understanding and identify possible biases or missed details.
4. Problem-Solving Protocols:
Working through practice problems together allows the tutor to observe the tutee's problem-solving process. This reveals not just whether the tutee arrives at the correct answer, but how they arrive there, exposing misconceptions or inefficient strategies. This is invaluable for targeted intervention and support.
Example: In a mathematics class, the tutee attempts to solve a complex word problem. The tutor observes their approach, helping them break down the problem into smaller steps, identifying where mistakes were made, and guiding them toward more effective problem-solving strategies.
5. Self-Assessments/Reflection Questions:
These are informal questionnaires or prompts that ask tutees to reflect on their own understanding of the material. This helps them identify areas where they feel confident and areas where they need more support. These can be used before, during, or after a PAL session.
Example: A simple self-assessment could be a list of concepts covered in a lesson with checkboxes (e.g., "I understand this concept," "I need more help with this concept"). The tutee can assess themselves honestly, allowing the tutor to address specific areas of concern.
What Makes These Assessments Effective in PALs?
The key is the collaborative nature. The diagnostic assessment isn't just for grading; it's a tool for communication and improvement. By working together, the tutor and tutee identify learning needs and develop strategies for addressing them, fostering a supportive learning environment and improving overall academic outcomes. The focus is on self-reflection, peer feedback, and collaborative learning—the hallmarks of successful PAL programs.
